| 三．混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, Iwould have gone to see the film with you last night.
3.从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
⑴、If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do theexperiment next week.
4.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
5.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在。)
6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去
⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去。)
7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在
⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。(从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。)
四、含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况;
1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：
(1)、What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢?(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)
(2) 、It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
(3) 、This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)
(4)、 But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)
(5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)
(6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)
2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
(7)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
(8) 、We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
(9) 、Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
(10) 、I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)
3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：
(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。
(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
例如：
1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.
去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)
3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.
4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.
5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。
7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。
8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。
2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上;但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如：
⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢?
⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我就向他请教了。
⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。
3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：
⑴、If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)
Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.
⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.
[A]Were she rich or poor
[B]Being rich or poor
[C]Be she poor or rich
[D]Whether is she poor or rich
4、注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。
⑴、We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.
六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句)
2. If I had time. (只有从句)
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句) www.kaozi.com |
