201The following appeared in a memo from the chief operating officer of the Presto Manufacturing Company.
"Since orders for our major product increased by over 200 percent last quarter, we should promptly expand production by building a new manufacturing plant in Summit City. Summit City is the ideal location for the new plant because it has low property taxes, extensive blocks of land available for immediate purchase, and a large number of residents who are not currently employed."
202The following appeared in a memo from the president of a company that makes breakfast cereals.
"In a recent study, subjects who ate soybeans at least five times per week had significantly lower cholesterol levels than subjects who ate no soy products. By fortifying our Wheat-O cereal with soy protein, we can increase sales by appealing to additional consumers who are concerned about their health. This new version of Wheat-O should increase company profits and, at the same time, improve the health of our customers."
203The following appeared in a letter from the mayor of Tudor City.
"After a major airline chose Yorkville as its regional flight hub, the number of businesses in that city almost doubled and local tax revenue increased by 50 percent. In addition, as travel to Yorkville became easier, most respondents to a survey of the country's top executives identified Yorkville as a desirable place to transact business. To secure efficient transportation for Tudor City and stimulate our local economy, we should build a new airport, like the one in Yorkville, that is suitable for a regional flight hub."
204Blue City Highway had always been notorious for its tight curves and poor roadway visibility, and the accident rate there was generally very high. Last year the highway was redesigned to broaden the curves and improve roadway visibility. Drivers report that they now feel much safer driving on the highway and that the redesign has been a big improvement. But the number of accidents on the highway has not been significantly lower in the six months since the redesign than it was in the six months before the redesign. Therefore, the redesign clearly did not improve the curves and roadway visibility enough to make a difference.
205One kind of brain-scanning device is used by doctors to monitor normal as well as abnormal activity in a patient's brain. The device provides precise measurements of blood flow in the brain, a known indicator of how the brain is working. Unfortunately, the device requires patients to remain completely still with their heads in the scanning machine, which makes a very loud noise. Under these uncomfortable conditions, it is doubtful that doctors can get accurate measurements. A new head-mounted device that measures eye movements rather than blood flow and allows patients to move around will undoubtedly provide better brain measurements. Thus, the new head-mounted device should replace the older device at all hospitals and research institutions.
206The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"According to a recent study, people with many social ties report catching colds less often than do people with few social ties. Consequently, researchers conclude that having an active social life probably helps strengthen the immune system. The researchers note that catching a cold — one of a family of highly contagious viruses — gives the cold-sufferer temporary immunity to that virus in the future, but not to the many other related viruses. Merely being exposed to a new cold virus, however, is not enough for a person to catch a cold, since a strong immune system can successfully fight off some new viruses. Thus, in order to prevent catching a cold, people should strengthen their immune systems by becoming more active socially."
207The following editorial appeared in a newspaper in the country of Solaria.
"The Eliot Valley region was primarily agricultural twenty years ago. In the past twenty years, however, many computer-chip manufacturers have opened factories there. A recent study found that water pollution in the region was worse than in any other region in the country. Moreover, the computer-chip factories, which use large quantities of water to manufacture the chips, are probably responsible for the low levels of water in the region's lakes and reservoirs. Therefore, if the region's computer-chip makers had limits placed on the amount of water they could use, water quality would improve."
208The following appeared in an editorial in the Seatown newspaper.
"Seatown has a large port exclusively for fishing boats, whose owners pay fees for the upkeep of the docks and for facilities for cleaning engines and repairing nets. In recent years, declining fish populations have decreased fishing revenue and forced many owners to stop fishing altogether. As a result, the port has a high vacancy rate and port managers are considering allowing pleasure boats, including cruise ships and other large vessels, to use the port in order to increase revenue. But allowing pleasure boats into the port would be a mistake, because the fishing boats would be forced out of the port. We should preserve the port for the fishing fleet, which, unlike pleasure boats, contributes to the prosperity of Seatown."
209The following appeared in a Brenton newspaper.
"The Brenton power plant draws water from Scott's River for its cooling system and releases the warmed water back into the river. The town council recommends that the plant install a more efficient cooling system that uses less water, claiming it will be more environmentally sound. However, in Uptown, where the new system is used, a study found that the complex network of pipes in the new system tends to accumulate algae. The build up of algae can be avoided by scrubbing the pipes, which is costly, or by adding an herbicide to the water in the pipes to prevent algae accumulation. But water containing the herbicide cannot be released back into the river and it is known that low water levels can harm river ecosystems accustomed to higher levels. Therefore, Brenton power plant should continue to use the old cooling system exclusively."
210The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Maple City newspaper.
"Twenty years ago Pine City established strict laws designed to limit the number of new buildings that could be constructed in the city. Since that time the average housing prices in Pine City have increased considerably. Chestnut City, which is about the same size as Pine City, has over the past twenty years experienced an increase in average housing prices similar to Pine City, but Chestnut City never established any laws that limit new building construction. So it is clear that laws limiting new construction have no effect on average housing prices. So if Maple City were to establish strict laws that limit new building construction, these laws will have no effect on average housing prices."
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201由于上个季度我们主要产品的定单增加了200%多，我们应该马上通过在Summit City建造一座新工厂来扩大生产。Summit City是新工厂的理想位置，因为那里的地产税比较低，具有可以立即购买的大片土地，以及大量尚未就业的居民。
202在最近的一次调查中，那些每周至少吃五次大豆的调查对象的胆固醇值比不吃大豆制品的人低很多。通过在我们的Wheat-O麦片中添加大豆蛋白，我们可以通过吸引更多的关注自身健康的消费者来增加销量。这种新的Wheat-O应该能够增加公司的利润，并且同时促进我们消费者的健康。
203在一家大航空公司选择了Yorkville作为他们的区域航线枢纽之后，该城市的生意数量几乎增加了一倍，地方税收增加了50%。而且，由于到Yorkville的交通更加便捷，一次对于全国高层经营者的调查的多数回应者把Yorkville作为他们进行商务谈判的理想场所。为保障Tudor City的有效交通并刺激我们的区域经济，我们应该建立一个类似Yorkville机场的，可以作为区域航线枢纽的新机场。
204 Blue City高速公路过窄的弯道和很差的视野是一直以来为人所知的，那里的事故率总是非常高。去年高速公路进行了改造，加宽了弯道并改善了视野。驾驶员报告说他们现在在这条路上开车时感到安全多了，这次改造是一个很大的进步。但是在改造之后的六个月中公路上的事故数量并没有比以前显著下降。因此，改造显然并没有对于弯道和道路视野起到足够的改善。
205一种脑扫描装置被医生用于检测患者脑部的正常和非正常活动。这种装置可以提供对于脑部血流的精确测量，脑部的血流是脑部运作状态的已知标志。然而，这种装置需要患者的头部位于将会产生很大噪声的扫描仪器里面时保持完全静止。在这种不舒适的条件下，医生能否得到准确的测量结果是可疑的。一种新的检测眼球活动而不是血流的头戴式仪器允许患者活动，它无疑将会提供更好的脑部测量。因此，这种新式头戴仪器应该在所有医院和研究机构中代替老式装置。
206根据最近的一次研究，那些具有很多社会关系的人所报告的感冒要比很少有社会关系的人少。于是研究者得出结论，拥有积极的社会生活可能能够帮助加强免疫系统。研究者指出患一种感冒--它只是一系列高度传染性病毒中的一种--将给予患者对于这种病毒暂时的免疫力，但不能对很多其他相关病毒也免疫。然而，仅仅是接触到一种新的感冒病毒并不足以导致一个人患感冒，因为强壮的免疫系统能够成功地战胜一些新病毒。因此，为防止患感冒，人们应该通过积极参加社会活动来加强免疫系统。
207 Eliot Valley地区在二十年前基本以农业为主。然而在过去20年中，很多计算机芯片生产商在那里开设了工厂。最近一次调查发现那里的水质污染比本国其他任何地区都严重。而且，这些芯片工厂使用大量的水用于生产，它们可能是造成该地区湖泊和水库低水位的原因。因此，如果这些芯片生产商对于他们的用水量加以限制，水质将会改善。
208 Seatown拥有一个专供渔船使用的港口，渔船的拥有者缴纳一定的费用来维护码头以及用于清洁引擎和维修渔网的设施。近年来，捕鱼人数的下降导致渔业收入减少，并迫使很多渔船拥有者停止捕鱼。这导致港口有大量空位，港口管理者正在考虑允许娱乐船只包括游轮和其他大型船只使用港口来增加收入。但允许娱乐船只进入港口将会是一个错误，因为这将迫使渔船离开港口。我们应该为渔船保留港口，渔船与娱乐船只不同，它们为Seatown带来了繁荣。
209 Brenton电厂从Scott河抽水供其冷却系统使用并把升温的水重新排回河中。市委建议电厂安装一套更有效的用水量更少的冷却系统，他们认为这会更加环保。然而，在使用了新系统的Uptown，一次调查发现新系统复杂的管线将会聚积水藻。水藻的淤积可以通过擦洗管道来预防，这花费很高；或者通过向管道中的水添加除草剂来防止水藻淤积。但含有除草剂的水不能再排向河流，而且我们知道低水位将会对习惯于高水位的河流生态系统造成危害。因此，Brenton电厂应该继续使用原有的冷却系统。
210 20年前Pine City建立了严格的法令来限制该市未来建造的高层建筑的数量。从那以后Pine City的平均房价显著上涨。和Pine City差不多同等规模的Chestnut City在过去20年中经历了和Pine City类似的房价上涨，但Chestnut City从未建立任何限制高层建筑的法令。因此限制高层的法令对于平均房价没有影响。所以如果Maple City建立限制新的高层建筑的法令的话，这种法令不会影响平均房价。
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