171Studies show that in 70 percent of traffic accidents, at least one driver involved is less than 10 miles from home when the accident occurs. This statistic indicates that drivers have a tendency to drive incautiously when they are close to home, probably because familiar surroundings give them a false sense of security. Thus, the places where people feel safest are the places where they are in fact at greatest risk of serious injury.
172Copper occurs in nature mixed with other minerals and valuable metals in ore, and the proportion of copper in the ore can vary considerably. Until fairly recently, the only way to extract pure copper from ore was by using a process that requires large amounts of electric energy, especially if the proportion of copper in the ore is low. New copper-extracting technologies can use up to 40 percent less electricity than the older method to process the same amount of raw ore, especially when the proportion of copper in the ore is high. Therefore, we can expect the amount of electricity used by the copper-extraction industry to decline significantly.
173In measuring electrical activity in different parts of the brain, researchers found that people who describe themselves as generally happy have more activity in the left prefrontal lobe of their brains than do other people. Therefore, a medication for stimulating the left prefrontal lobe of the brain would be an effective treatment for clinical depression.
174The following appeared in a memo from a manager of a car dealership.
"Ten years ago, long-term car leasing became available in our country of Mohilia as an alternative to outright car ownership, and leasing has steadily risen in popularity. For each of the last five years, the number of people leasing new cars has surpassed the number buying new cars. The average age of cars driven in Mohilia is six years; hence, if new car leases again outnumber purchases this year, it is likely that the majority of drivers will be driving leased, not individually owned, cars. Therefore, we should change the focus of our business from selling cars to leasing them."
175The following appeared in a newsletter about education policy.
'The average annual earnings of high school dropouts are significantly less than the average annual earnings of high school graduates. To address this problem, the state governor has proposed that the state should establish free vocational training programs for high school dropouts. But the availability of such programs would probably encourage some students who would otherwise have graduated to drop out in order to pursue vocational training. Hence the proposed programs would lower, not raise, the average earning potential of young people. Therefore, the state should not establish the vocational training programs but should instead focus on improving academic programs in our high schools.'
176The following appeared in a newsletter about health.
"The proportion of children in the United States who are overweight is greater now than ever before. Obesity rates among children have been increasing since the 1970's and, during that same time period, the proportion of children living in suburbs has increased. Whereas children in rural areas tend to have outdoor active chores and children in cities often walk to school or other places they need to go, children in suburbs are typically driven everywhere. Thus the increase in childhood obesity is probably due mainly to the suburbanization of America and the associated decrease in the opportunities children have for exercise."
177The following appeared as part of an article in a health and beauty magazine.
"A group of volunteers participated in a study of consumer responses to the new Luxess face cream. Every morning for a month, they washed their faces with mild soap and then applied Luxess. At the end of that month, most volunteers reported a marked improvement in the way their skin looked and felt. Thus it appears that Luxess is truly effective in improving the condition of facial skin."
178The cities of East Sacunda and West Sacunda are in an earthquake-prone area. Since 1985 both cities have had stringent building codes requiring all new buildings to have specific features designed to prevent damage in an earthquake. Buildings built before 1985 are exempt from the codes, but many building owners have modified their buildings to make them conform to the 1985 codes. Last year a major earthquake hit the area, and many people lost their homes. The number of people who were left homeless was much higher in East Sacunda than in West Sacunda, however, so we can conclude that building owners in East Sacunda were less likely to modify their buildings so as to bring them up to the 1985 code standards.
179The following appeared in a letter to the editor of an archaeological magazine.
"Archaeologists excavated a cave that had been inhabited by prehistoric people for thousands of years. These people hunted wild animals, many of whose bones were found at levels corresponding to different times of habitation. Most of the bones at the oldest levels, over 40,000 years old, were from a deer species whose modern-day descendants are known to prefer woodland habitats, whereas most of the bones at more recent levels, dating from 30,000 to 10,000 years ago, were from a gazelle species whose modern-day descendants are known to prefer grasslands. We can thus conclude that the climate of the area changed dramatically between 40,000 and 30,000 years ago, causing the terrain to change from woodland to grassland."
180The following appeared in a magazine for the trucking industry.
"The Longhaul trucking company was concerned that its annual accident rate (the number of accidents per mile driven) was too high. It granted a significant pay increase to its drivers and increased its training standards. It also put strict limits on the number of hours per week each driver could drive. The following year, its trucks were involved in half the number of accidents as before the changes were implemented. A survey of other trucking companies found that the highest-paid drivers were the least likely to have had an accident. Therefore, trucking companies wishing to reduce their accident rate can do so simply by raising their drivers' pay and limiting the overall number of hours they drive."
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171研究表明在70%的交通事故中，至少有一名驾驶员在事故发生时离家不到10英里。这一统计数字表明驾驶员在离家近的时候有不谨慎驾驶的倾向，可能是因为周围熟悉的环境给了他们一种错误的安全感。因此，人们感觉最安全的地方实际上是他们受严重伤害的危险性最高的地方。
172铜在自然中与其他矿物和有价值的金属混合存在于矿石中，而且矿石中铜的比例可能有很大差别。直到最近，从矿石中提取纯铜的唯一方法是通过一种需要大量电力的流程，特别是当矿石中铜的比例比较低的时候。新的铜提取技术在处理同等数量的原矿石时能够比老的方式节省40%的电力，特别是当矿石中铜的比例比较高的时候。因此，我们可以预期铜矿提取工业所用的电力将会显著减少。
173在测量大脑不同部分的电波活动的时候，研究者发现那些把自己描述成快乐的人大脑左前额部分的活动比其他人更多。因此，刺激大脑左前额部分对于抑郁症的临床治疗将会是一种有效的方法。
174 10年前，长期汽车租赁在我们Mohilia国家出现，成为对于汽车完全所有权的一种补充，这种租赁业务的受欢迎度也逐渐增加。过去五年的每一年中，租赁新车的人数都超过了买新车的人数。Mohilia的汽车平均使用时间为6年；因此，如果新车租赁在今年又一次超过购买，有可能大多数驾驶员将会开租来的车而不是私人拥有的车。因此，我们应该把业务重点从出售车辆转向租赁车辆。
175高中辍学者的平均年收入要显著低于高中毕业生。为解决这一问题，州政府提议本州应该为高校辍学者建立免费的职业培训项目。但这种项目的实施将可能促使一些本来能够毕业的学生中途退学以参加职业培训。因此提议中的项目将会降低而不是提高年轻人的平均收入潜力。因此，本州不应该建立职业培训项目而应该集中精力提高高中的教学项目。
176现在美国超重儿童的比例比以往任何时候都要高。20世纪70年代以来儿童肥胖症的发病率增加，而且在同一时期，生活在郊区的儿童比例也增加了。乡村儿童经常会有室外工作，市区儿童经常步行去学校以及其他地方，而郊区儿童通常坐车去他们要去的地方。因此儿童肥胖症的增加可能主要是由于美国城市郊区化以及相应的儿童锻炼机会的减少造成的。
177一组志愿者参加了一项关于消费者对新的Luxess面霜的反应的调查。在一个月中的每个早晨，他们都用柔和香皂洗脸然后使用Luxess。一个月之后，多数志愿者报告说他们皮肤的观感显著改善。因此，这说明Luxess对于改善面部皮肤状况确实有效。
178东Sacunda市和西Sacunda市位于地震易发区。1985年以来两个城市都实行了严格的建筑规范，要求所有新建筑必须具有防止地震损害的具体措施。1985年以前建造的房屋可以不受此规范限制，但很多业主都对他们的房屋进行了修整以符合1985年的规范。去年一场大地震袭击了这个地区，很多人无家可归。东Sacunda市无家可归者的人数比西Sacunda市高的多，因而我们可以得出结论，东Sacunda市的房屋业主较少修整他们的房屋来符合1985年的规范。
179考古学家发掘了一个由史前人类居住了上千年的洞穴。这些人类猎杀野生动物，这些动物的骨头在与不同居住时期相对应的不同地层被发现。大多数在超过40000年历史的最久远的地层发现的骨头是一种鹿的骨头，这种鹿的后代已知喜欢在林地生活；而在30000到10000年前的地层所发现的骨头是一种小羚羊的骨头，其后代喜欢在草原生活。我们可以因此得出结论，该地区的气候在40000到30000年前曾剧烈地变化，导致这一区域从林地变成了草原。
180 Longhaul货运公司注意到其年度事故率（每驾驶一百英里所发生的事故数）过高。公司大幅提高了付给驾驶员的报酬，提高了其训练标准。公司还对每名驾驶员每周驾驶的时数提出了更严格的限定。在随后的一年里，该公司卡车所卷入的事故数是实行这些改变之前的一半。对于其他一些货运公司的调查发现，报酬最高的驾驶员是最不容易出车祸的驾驶员。因此，想要降低事故率的货运公司可以简单地通过提高驾驶员的报酬和限制他们驾驶的总时数来达到目的。
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